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  1. Home
  2. /Research
  3. /Most-cited mines, FY2025

Which U.S. Mines Received the Most MSHA Citations in Fiscal Year 2025

Original analysis of 86,503 records from MSHA, FY2025 (Oct 2024–Sep 2025). Published October 16, 2026.

Download the dataKey findings

We counted all 86,503 citations and orders in MSHA's violation records for fiscal year 2025 (October 2024 through September 2025) and ranked the 8,919 mines that received at least one by mine, state and controlling company.

What the FY2025 citation records show

Warrior Met Coal's No 7 Mine in Alabama received 928 MSHA citations and orders in fiscal year 2025, the most of any U.S. mine, followed by Marshall County Mine in West Virginia with 781. All 25 of the most-cited mines were underground coal mines. Underground coal mines made up 2.2% of the mines MSHA cited but received 32.4% of all citations and orders. The ranking counts citations and does not adjust for mine size or hours worked.

  • 928Citations and orders at No 7 Mine, the most-cited mine
  • 32%Share of all citations at underground coal mines
  • 86.5KCitations and orders in MSHA records, FY2025
  1. Underground coal dominates the top of the list

    The 196 underground coal mines MSHA cited in FY2025 received 28,025 citations and orders, an average of 143 per mine, against 9.7 per cited mine across all mines.

  2. A small group of mines accounts for a large share

    The 131 mines with at least one hundred citations and orders each received 36.5% of the national total. The median cited mine received 3.

  3. West Virginia leads the states

    Mines in West Virginia received 15,980 citations and orders, 18.5% of the U.S. total, almost all of them at coal mines. Kentucky (6,349) and Texas (5,942) follow.

  4. The most-cited metal/nonmetal mine ranks far lower

    The highest-ranked metal/nonmetal operation, Minntac Plant in Minnesota, operated by United States Steel Corp-Minnesota Ore Operations, received 302 citations and orders and ranks number 34 among all mines.

  5. Coal companies lead the controller ranking

    Among companies, mines currently controlled by Core Natural Resources Inc received the most citations and orders (3,349 at 19 mines), followed by Sev.en Global Investments a.s. (3,237) and Alpha Metallurgical Resources Inc (3,135).

Which Mines Got the Most MSHA Citations

Citations and orders MSHA issued at each mine for violations dated October 2024 through September 2025, including those issued to contractors working at the mine.

No 7 Mine in Alabama, operated by Warrior Met Coal Mining, LLC, received 928 citations and orders in FY2025, the most of any U.S. mine.

No 7 Mine received 928 citations and orders, 244 of them designated significant and substantial (S&S), with $688,950 in proposed penalties. Marshall County Mine in West Virginia, operated by Marshall County Coal Resources, Inc., ranks second with 781. The ten most-cited mines together received 6,499 citations and orders, 7.5% of the national total, and all of them are underground coal mines.

The ranking counts citations at a mine regardless of who was cited: 5.6% of all FY2025 citations and orders nationwide were issued to contractors rather than the mine operator. The counts are not adjusted for mine size, workforce or inspection time, and large underground coal mines receive far more inspection time than other mines (see below).

U.S. mines with the most MSHA citations and orders, FY2025

MineStateCitationsPenalties
No 7 MineAL928$689K
MARSHALL COUNTY MINEWV781$464K
ROAD FORK #52 MINEWV685$987K
Bailey MinePA678$201K
CARDINALKY673$350K
Oak Grove MineAL623$714K
Maple Eagle No. 1 MineWV571$575K
Berwind Deep MineWV533$788K
Blue Creek Mine No. 1AL522$224K
Shoal Creek MineAL505$614K
Marion County MineWV490$354K
Itmann No 5WV459$205K
RIVER VIEW MINEKY449$173K
No 4 MineAL448$647K
Cumberland MinePA448$297K
Top hundred mines
MineStateCitationsPenalties
BLACK EAGLEWV442$1.1M
BEAR BRANCH 2KY421$209K
BELCHER BRANCHWV397$2.2M
GENTRY MINE #3UT393$361K
Mountaineer II MineWV383$444K
BECKLEY POCAHONTAS MINEWV369$233K
OHIO COUNTY MINEWV361$181K
Speed MineWV357$375K
Francisco Underground PitIN348$229K
FOIDEL CREEK MINECO347$298K
Buchanan Mine #1VA345$301K
Lynn Branch No. 2 MineWV340$448K
MC#1 MineIL334$232K
Jerry Fork EagleWV321$218K
Laurel Fork MineWV317$466K
Lively Grove MineIL311$299K
Prairie Eagle-UndergroundIL310$436K
NO. 2 GASWV305$344K
Minntac PlantMN302$539K
ENLOW FORK MINEPA301$138K
Stonecoal Branch Mine No. 2WV301$301K
Freeport-McMoRan Morenci Inc.AZ297$397K
West Elk MineCO296$776K
Harrison County MineWV293$183K
Gateway North MineIL273$378K
Lower War EagleWV264$188K
Leer South MineWV262$134K
WE Soda @ WESTVACOWY262$198K
Mach #1 MineIL261$292K
Gramercy OperationLA260$727K
LEER MINEWV254$132K
LeevilleNV250$284K
Winchester Peerless Rachel MineWV242$156K
Tilden MineMI241$422K
DEEP MINE 41VA227$137K
SUFCOUT215$125K
Emery Valley MineUT214$136K
American Soda LLCWY213$152K
EAST BOULDER MINEMT209$141K
Excel #5KY207$147K
SKYLINE MINE #3UT207$177K
STILLWATER MINEMT206$206K
HOPEDALE MINEOH206$167K
Turquoise RidgeNV205$167K
International Minerals Carlsbad, Inc.NM204$462K
Oaktown Fuels Mine No. 1IN203$131K
MINE NO. 1IL194$93K
NO. 77KY193$69K
St. Marys Cement-CharlevoixMI186$217K
AFFINITY MINEWV184$51K
EAGLE NO 1 MINEWV179$84K
MINE NO. 44WV177$132K
HARVEY MINEPA174$41K
Muddy BridgeWV174$147K
NORTH EAGLE MINEWV171$133K
Michael Powellton Deep MineWV169$129K
Henderson County MineKY168$43K
PAW PAW 2 SOUTHVA168$79K
Calvary No 81KY167$54K
SECOND FORK CLINTWOODKY162$50K
HUNTS FORK GLAMORGANKY157$56K
PANTHER EAGLE MINEWV157$81K
Louisville Plant Quarry & MillNE155$93K
Flying EagleWV152$203K
TUNNEL RIDGE MINEWV150$50K
Bingham Canyon MineUT149$152K
#9AKY148$333K
Haile Gold MineSC148$124K
TWIN BRANCH NO 1 SURFACEWV148$174K
Minntac MineMN145$274K
Meikle MineNV142$94K
Brooksville South Cement PlantFL141$360K
Kingston No. 2WV140$69K
CASSELMAN MINEMD138$83K
Mill/​Autoclave OperationsNV138$296K
MARYNEAL QUARRY AND MILLTX138$217K
Mitchell PlantIN137$98K
EAGLE #3 MINEWV137$387K
Sweetwater Mine/​MillMO134$178K
Mason City PlantIA133$503K
Powellton #1 MineWV133$80K
HENDERSON OPERATIONSCO132$67K
Viburnum #35 (Casteel Mine)MO130$104K
Tata Chemicals MineWY130$59K
ADAMSMA129$34K

Download this table (CSV)

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MSHA's fiscal year runs October 1 to September 30. Penalties are proposed (initial) assessments before any contest or settlement; citations not yet assessed count as zero.

Which States Have the Most MSHA Citations

Citations and orders summed by the state in which each mine is located, as recorded in MSHA's mines dataset.

Mines in West Virginia received 15,980 MSHA citations and orders in FY2025, 18.5% of the national total.

West Virginia's 268 cited mines received 15,980 citations and orders, and 97.9% of them were at coal mines. 12 of the 25 most-cited mines in the country are in West Virginia. Kentucky ranks second with 6,349 and Texas third with 5,942; the Texas total is spread over 755 cited mines, and 98.2% of its citations were at metal/nonmetal mines.

MSHA citations and orders by state, FY2025

  • WV15,98018.47% of U.S. total · 268 mines cited
  • KY6,3497.34% of U.S. total · 261 mines cited
  • TX5,9426.87% of U.S. total · 755 mines cited
  • PA4,9855.76% of U.S. total · 529 mines cited
  • AL4,1784.83% of U.S. total · 154 mines cited
  • IL2,9003.35% of U.S. total · 175 mines cited
  • UT2,7943.23% of U.S. total · 231 mines cited
  • NV2,4392.82% of U.S. total · 174 mines cited
  • IN2,2002.54% of U.S. total · 193 mines cited
  • MO2,1852.53% of U.S. total · 234 mines cited
  • CO2,1542.49% of U.S. total · 228 mines cited
  • CA2,0632.38% of U.S. total · 320 mines cited
All states and territories
  • NY2,0612.38% of U.S. total · 397 mines cited
  • VA1,9402.24% of U.S. total · 163 mines cited
  • AZ1,8582.15% of U.S. total · 212 mines cited
  • WY1,6971.96% of U.S. total · 150 mines cited
  • OH1,6831.95% of U.S. total · 230 mines cited
  • MN1,6591.92% of U.S. total · 300 mines cited
  • MI1,4101.63% of U.S. total · 252 mines cited
  • NM1,3461.56% of U.S. total · 163 mines cited
  • WA1,1191.29% of U.S. total · 202 mines cited
  • AR1,0841.25% of U.S. total · 139 mines cited
  • LA1,0841.25% of U.S. total · 101 mines cited
  • KS1,0791.25% of U.S. total · 153 mines cited
  • OK1,0451.21% of U.S. total · 172 mines cited
  • MT1,0391.20% of U.S. total · 140 mines cited
  • IA1,0341.20% of U.S. total · 166 mines cited
  • FL9941.15% of U.S. total · 110 mines cited
  • WI9761.13% of U.S. total · 281 mines cited
  • TN8751.01% of U.S. total · 197 mines cited
  • ID7830.91% of U.S. total · 168 mines cited
  • OR7780.90% of U.S. total · 204 mines cited
  • SC6850.79% of U.S. total · 74 mines cited
  • ME6000.69% of U.S. total · 204 mines cited
  • MA5410.63% of U.S. total · 103 mines cited
  • SD4960.57% of U.S. total · 93 mines cited
  • GA4600.53% of U.S. total · 116 mines cited
  • NE4570.53% of U.S. total · 84 mines cited
  • CT4020.46% of U.S. total · 80 mines cited
  • NC3980.46% of U.S. total · 127 mines cited
  • ND3850.45% of U.S. total · 81 mines cited
  • VT3810.44% of U.S. total · 115 mines cited
  • MD3790.44% of U.S. total · 50 mines cited
  • AK3320.38% of U.S. total · 51 mines cited
  • PR2960.34% of U.S. total · 49 mines cited
  • NJ2730.32% of U.S. total · 61 mines cited
  • NH2460.28% of U.S. total · 85 mines cited
  • MS1790.21% of U.S. total · 56 mines cited
  • RI1370.16% of U.S. total · 34 mines cited
  • HI1000.12% of U.S. total · 25 mines cited
  • DE380.04% of U.S. total · 7 mines cited
  • VI50.01% of U.S. total · 2 mines cited

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Which Mining Companies Got the Most MSHA Citations

Citations and orders summed over every mine a company controls, using the current controller MSHA lists for each mine.

Mines controlled by Core Natural Resources Inc received 3,349 MSHA citations and orders in FY2025, 3.9% of the national total.

The five companies at the top of the list together account for 16.1% of all FY2025 citations and orders, almost all of them at coal mines. MSHA records a controller as the legal entity acting as a controller of a mine operator. Mines whose controller is recorded as an individual, a family trust or another name we could not identify as a company, together 37.0% of all citations and orders, are not listed by name.

MSHA citations and orders by current mine controller, FY2025

ControllerMinesCitationsShare
Core Natural Resources Inc193,3493.9%
Sev.en Global Investments a.s.313,2373.7%
Alpha Metallurgical Resources Inc393,1353.6%
Ramaco Resources Inc192,1432.5%
Alliance Resource Partners LP172,0942.4%
ACNR Holdings, Inc161,9482.3%
Warrior Met Coal Intermediate Holdco LLC41,9082.2%
CRH PLC2821,8142.1%
Peabody Energy Corporation151,6621.9%
Heidelberg Materials AG1531,5291.8%
Barrick Nevada Holding LLC; Newmont USA Limited211,3221.5%
Amrize Ltd801,2721.5%
Martin Marietta Materials Inc2069161.1%
Cleveland-Cliffs Inc138221.0%
Freeport-McMoRan Inc118170.9%
Top fifty companies
ControllerMinesCitationsShare
Wolverine Fuels LLC57110.8%
Foresight Energy Labor LLC37050.8%
Alabama Kanu Holdings LLC26310.7%
Renco Group Inc66020.7%
Metinvest B V155650.7%
Quikrete Holdings Inc.265590.6%
Cemex S A315530.6%
USX Corp (United States Steel Corp)35270.6%
Vulcan Materials Company1435080.6%
GCC SAB de CV235050.6%
Eagle Materials Inc174750.5%
Iron Senergy Holding LLC24490.5%
JOD Holdings LLC54450.5%
Sibanye Stillwater Limited24150.5%
Buzzi S p A144110.5%
Carmeuse Holding SA253730.4%
Coronado Coal LLC13450.4%
Rio Tinto Group43380.4%
Rogers Group Inc623370.4%
CBR Investments, LLC; CBR Investments II, LLC73240.4%
Prairie State Energy Campus Management Inc13110.4%
Imerys S A262890.3%
Summit Materials LLC502860.3%
Minerals Technologies Inc112780.3%
SCIH Salt Holdings, Inc52750.3%
VOTORANTIM CIMENTOS122660.3%
WE Soda US LLC12620.3%
Atalco LLC12600.3%
Javelin Global Commodities (UK) Ltd92440.3%
Arcosa, Inc432310.3%
Iron Oak Energy Solutions LLC142220.3%
Taiheiyo Cement Corp222190.3%
Lhoist Group182150.2%
Solvay S A12130.2%
Knife River Corporation702100.2%

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Controller as listed in MSHA's mines dataset on October 16, 2026. Ownership can change; a mine sold after FY2025 is counted under its current controller.

Coal vs. Metal and Nonmetal Mines

Citations and orders by sector and mine type. MSHA reports coal mines and metal/nonmetal mines separately in its annual figures.

Coal mines received 34,596 citations and orders in FY2025 (40.0%), metal/nonmetal mines 51,907.

Metal/nonmetal surface mines received the most citations as a group, but they are numerous and each one received few. Underground coal mines received 28,025 citations and orders at 196 mines. Inspection time differs just as much: MSHA reports an average of 224 inspection hours per coal mine in fiscal year 2025, against 21 per metal/nonmetal mine. Of the 12,568 mines MSHA counted in FY2025, 8,919 received at least one citation or order in our data. Across all mines, 17.3% of FY2025 citations and orders were designated significant and substantial.

MSHA citations and orders by sector and mine type, FY2025

  • Surface38,385Metal/nonmetal · 7,627 mines · 5.0 per mine
  • Underground28,025Coal · 196 mines · 143.0 per mine
  • Underground6,841Metal/nonmetal · 214 mines · 32.0 per mine
  • Facility6,681Metal/nonmetal · 303 mines · 22.0 per mine
  • Surface4,001Coal · 355 mines · 11.3 per mine
  • Facility2,570Coal · 224 mines · 11.5 per mine

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Download the Data and Cite This Study

Every table as a CSV file and in one Excel workbook, a short PDF summary and every chart as an image, free to reuse with attribution (CC BY 4.0).

  • The hundred U.S. mines with the most MSHA citations and orders, FY2025Citations and orders per mine for violations dated October 2024 through September 2025, with significant-and-substantial counts and proposed penalties. · 100 rows · CSV, 11 KB
  • MSHA citations and orders by current mine controller, FY2025 (top fifty companies)Citations and orders summed over all mines a company currently controls per MSHA's mines dataset; controllers recorded as individuals are not listed. · 50 rows · CSV, 3 KB
  • MSHA citations and orders by sector and mine type, FY2025Coal versus metal/nonmetal and underground, surface or facility, with citations per cited mine. · 6 rows · CSV, 1 KB
  • MSHA citations and orders by state, FY2025Citations and orders at mines in each state and territory, by the state recorded in MSHA's mines dataset. · 52 rows · CSV, 2 KB
  • All tables in one Excel workbookOne sheet per table plus an About sheet with sources, method and citation · Excel (.xlsx), 25 KB
  • Summary to print or forward (3 pages)Short answer, key figures, main chart, findings, method and citation · PDF, 214 KB

Charts for your story

Free to publish with a link to this page (CC BY 4.0). Each chart carries its source line. PNG, 2400 × 1350 pixels.

  • Bar chart: U.S. mines with the most MSHA citations and orders, FY2025 (Citations). No 7 Mine: 928; MARSHALL COUNTY MINE: 781; ROAD FORK #52 MINE: 685. Source: Settlement Insight.

    U.S. mines with the most MSHA citations and orders, FY2025

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  • Bar chart: MSHA citations and orders by state, FY2025. WV: 15,980; KY: 6,349; TX: 5,942. Source: Settlement Insight.

    MSHA citations and orders by state, FY2025

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  • Bar chart: MSHA citations and orders by current mine controller, FY2025 (Mines). CRH PLC: 282; Martin Marietta Materials Inc: 206; Heidelberg Materials AG: 153. Source: Settlement Insight.

    MSHA citations and orders by current mine controller, FY2025

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  • Bar chart: MSHA citations and orders by sector and mine type, FY2025. Surface: 38,385; Underground: 28,025; Underground: 6,841. Source: Settlement Insight.

    MSHA citations and orders by sector and mine type, FY2025

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How to cite

Goldberg, L. (2026). MSHA Citations by Mine — Citations and Orders at U.S. Mines by Mine, State, Company and Sector (Fiscal Year 2025) [Data set]. Settlement Insight. https://settlementinsight.com/research/mines-most-msha-citations

BibTeX
@dataset{goldberg_2026_mines_most_msha_citations,
  author    = {Goldberg, Leonard},
  title     = {MSHA Citations by Mine --- Citations and Orders at U.S. Mines by Mine, State, Company and Sector (Fiscal Year 2025)},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Settlement Insight},
  url       = {https://settlementinsight.com/research/mines-most-msha-citations}
}

Journalists and researchers: you are welcome to use these figures and charts. Please link to this page as the source.

How We Measured

Data: the Violations data set of MSHA's Open Government Data, as held in the Settlement Insight database (import of October 9, 2026), joined by mine ID to MSHA's Mines data set (downloaded October 16, 2026) for each mine's state, coal or metal/nonmetal classification, mine type, current operator and current controller. MSHA states that the Violations data set does not include vacated violations, the same scope as MSHA's published count of citations and orders that were not vacated.

Checked against published figures

  • All citations and orders issued at U.S. mines, FY2025: published 87,372, our count 86,503 (0.99% apart).Mine Safety and Health At A Glance, Fiscal Year 2025 (MSHA, 02/27/2026)
  • Citations and orders issued at coal mines, FY2025: published 35,016, our count 34,596 (1.20% apart).Mine Safety and Health At A Glance, Fiscal Year 2025 (MSHA, 02/27/2026)
  • Citations and orders issued at metal/nonmetal mines, FY2025: published 52,356, our count 51,907 (0.86% apart).Mine Safety and Health At A Glance, Fiscal Year 2025 (MSHA, 02/27/2026)
  • Penalties assessed (proposed) for FY2025 citations and orders, USD millions: published 62.4, our count 60.4 (3.25% apart).Mine Safety and Health At A Glance, Fiscal Year 2025 (MSHA, 02/27/2026)
Full method and limits of the data

Scope: one record per citation or order (the citation/order number is unique; we found no duplicates). Fiscal year 2025 covers violations dated October 1, 2024, through September 30, 2025, that MSHA issued in calendar year 2024 or 2025; records issued in 2026 for an earlier violation are left out. MSHA counts by issue date, which our copy of the data does not carry, so we date citations by the date the violation occurred. Coal versus metal/nonmetal comes from the Mines data set, because the indicator on the violation records does not match MSHA's published split.

Calculation: citations and orders are counted per mine, including those issued to contractors at the mine, and summed by state, sector and current controller. Penalties are MSHA's proposed penalties before any contest or settlement. Check: our FY2025 total of 86,503 is 1.0% below MSHA's published 87,372; our coal, metal/nonmetal and penalty totals also match MSHA's figures within the tolerances shown.

What this data cannot tell you

  • Counts are not adjusted for mine size, employment, production or inspection hours. MSHA spends roughly ten times as many inspection hours per coal mine as per metal/nonmetal mine, so a higher count does not by itself mean a mine is less safe than a smaller or less-inspected one.
  • A citation is an inspector's finding. Operators can contest citations before the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission; citations that are later vacated drop out of MSHA's data, so counts for FY2025 can still shift slightly, and penalties can change through contest or settlement.
  • Operator and controller names reflect MSHA's mines data set at download, not ownership during FY2025. Some FY2025 citations (1,115) had no proposed penalty recorded yet; assessments lag issuance, which is one reason our penalty total is below MSHA's published figure.

Frequently Asked Questions

Which mine has the most MSHA violations?

In fiscal year 2025, No 7 Mine in Alabama, operated by Warrior Met Coal Mining, LLC, received 928 MSHA citations and orders, the most of any U.S. mine. Marshall County Mine in West Virginia ranked second with 781.

How many MSHA citations were issued in 2025?

MSHA reports 87,372 citations and orders issued in fiscal year 2025 (October 2024 through September 2025). Our count from MSHA's violation records for the same period is 86,503, at 8,919 mines.

Which state has the most MSHA citations?

West Virginia. Its mines received 15,980 citations and orders in fiscal year 2025, 18.5% of the national total, followed by Kentucky with 6,349 and Texas with 5,942.

What is an S&S citation from MSHA?

A significant and substantial (S&S) citation is one where the inspector finds a reasonable likelihood that the hazard will result in a reasonably serious injury or illness. In fiscal year 2025, 17.3% of all MSHA citations and orders were designated S&S.

How much were MSHA fines in 2025?

MSHA proposed $60.4 million in penalties for citations and orders dated in fiscal year 2025, by our count of its violation records. Proposed penalties can be reduced through contest or settlement.

Do coal mines get more MSHA citations than other mines?

Per mine, yes. Underground coal mines averaged 143 citations and orders per cited mine in fiscal year 2025, against 9.7 across all cited mines. Coal mines as a whole received 40.0% of all citations.

Sources

  • MSHA Open Government Data: Violations data set — Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor
  • MSHA Open Government Data: Mines data set (Mines.zip) — Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor
  • Violations Definition File — Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor
  • Mines Definition File — Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor
  • Mine Safety and Health At A Glance, Fiscal Year 2025 — Mine Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor
  • Independent analysis. Settlement Insight is not a law firm and not affiliated with any agency named here. Analysis by Leonard Goldberg, Editor. How we work: methodology, our data.

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